The International Space Station came into existence on 6th December 1998, when the USA module Unity was deployed from space shuttle Endeavour was joined with Russia’s Zarya module. Despite the fact that these two very different hardware pieces were run by computers that have never talked to each other and software that’s only been tested in models, when assembled together it worked. The space station began hosting crews in November 2000. As of today, the ISS is the largest orbiting laboratory ever built. It is an international, technological, and political achievement by United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. 

The ISS orbits about 400 km above Earth. At its orbit of 400 km there is huge concentration of orbital debris resulting from accidents, failures or, in some cases, deliberate destruction of human sent spacecraft. Due to their speed the debris present a serious treat to the safety of the station and its crew. Hence, the main objective of the paper below is to present the most accurate available record of the pre-determined debris avoidance maneuvers taken by the International Space Station thus far, through the perspective of MIRCE Science.

ResearchGate: Pre-Determined Debris Avoidance Maneuvers (PDAMs) as Mechanism of Motion of International Space Station through MIRCE Space