Ground-based optical observations of the orbital debris environment
Space debris encompasses both natural meteoroid and artificial (human-made) orbital debris. Meteoroids are in orbit about the sun, while most artificial debris is in orbit about the Earth (hence the term “orbital” debris). Orbital debris is the term for any object in Earth orbit that no longer serves a useful function. These objects include non-operational spacecraft, derelict launch vehicle stages, mission-related debris, and fragmentation debris. NASA - Orbital Debris Management and Risk Mitigation
July-August-September list of observed objects:
July Observations
11.07.2025. Observations:
1. SL-3 R/B Rocket Body, (COSPAR ID: 1982-013B, SATCAT: 13068), derelict launch vehicle stages
12.07.2025. Observations:
1. SL-3 R/B Rocket Body, (COSPAR ID: 1982-013B, SATCAT: 13068), derelict launch vehicle stages
14.07.2025. Observations:
1. Ariane 40+ R/B Rocket Body (SATCAT: 23561, COSPAR ID: 1995-021B), derelict launch vehicle stages
2. SL-16 R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 2000-006B, SATCAT: 26070), derelict launch vehicle stages listed in McKnight Top 50
15.07.2025. Observations:
1. SL-16 R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 2000-006B, SATCAT: 26070), derelict launch vehicle stages listed in McKnight Top 50
2. GAOFEN 11 (COSPAR ID: 2018-063A, SATCAT: 43585), civilian remote sensing satellite
18, 20, 22 and 24 July, 2025. Observations:
1. GAOFEN 11 (COSPAR ID: 2018-063A, SATCAT: 43585), civilian remote sensing satellite
19, 21 and 24 July, 2025. Observations:
RESURS DK-1 (COSPAR ID: 2006-021A, SATCAT: 29228) (non-operational spacecraft)
August Observations
5 and 12 August, 2025. Observations:
1. GAOFEN 11 (COSPAR ID: 2018-063A, SATCAT: 43585), civilian remote sensing satellite
24.08.2025. Observations:
1. SL-8 R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 1981-003B, SATCAT: 12139), derelict launch vehicle stages
26.08.2025. Observations:
1. Ariane 40 R/B Rocket Body, (COSPAR ID: 1991-050F, SATCAT: 21610), derelict launch vehicle stages
September Observations
05.09.2025. Observations:
1. Ariane 40 R/B Rocket Body, (COSPAR ID: 1991-050F, SATCAT: 21610), derelict launch vehicle stages
2. SL-16 R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 2000-006B, SATCAT: 26070), derelict launch vehicle stages listed in McKnight Top 50
3. SL-16 R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 1999-039B, SATCAT: 25861), derelict launch vehicle stages listed in McKnight Top 50
07.09.2025. Observations:
1. SL-16 R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 2000-006B, SATCAT: 26070), derelict launch vehicle stages listed in McKnight Top 50
2. CZ-2C R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 2004-012C, SATCAT: 28222), derelict launch vehicle stages
13.09.2025. Observations:
1. International Space Station (ISS) (COSPAR ID: 1998-067A, SATCAT: 25544)
2. CZ-2C R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 2004-012C, SATCAT: 28222), derelict launch vehicle stages
15.09.2025. Observations:
1. CZ-2C R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 2004-012C, SATCAT: 28222), derelict launch vehicle stages
21.09.2025. Observations:
1. CZ-4 R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 2006-046C, SATCAT: 29507), derelict launch vehicle stages
22.09.2025. Observations:
1. CZ-4 R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 2006-046C, SATCAT: 29507), derelict launch vehicle stages
2. KSLV-II R/B (COSPAR ID: 2023-072H, SATCAT: 56750), derelict launch vehicle stages