• 12 May, 2025. REENTRY OF COSMOS 482 DESCENT CRAFT (ID 6073)

COSMOS 482 DESCENT CRAFT, 6073 ground tracks simulation in JSatTrak satellite tracking program from 8 May, 2025 07:17 UTC to 11 May, 2025 11:17 UTC. Simulation was made on 5 May. 

• 21 April, 2025. Greenhouse gases reduce the satellite carrying capacity of low Earth orbit

"Anthropogenic contributions of greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere have been observed to cause cooling and contraction in the thermosphere, which is projected to continue for many decades. This contraction results in a secular reduction in atmospheric mass density where most satellites operate in low Earth orbit. Decreasing density reduces drag on debris objects and extends their lifetime in orbit, posing a persistent collision hazard to other satellites and risking the cascading generation of more debris."

Article source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-025-01512-0

• 4 April, 2025. NASA - International Space Station Deorbit Analysis Summary

NASA has concluded that deorbiting the International Space Station using a U.S.-developed deorbit vehicle, with a final target in a remote part of the ocean, is the best option for station’s end of life. In reaching this conclusion, NASA evaluated several alternative options to deorbit, including:

- Uncontrolled reentry

- Disassembly and return to Earth

- Disassembly and repurposing in LEO

- Disassembly and deorbit in smaller pieces

- Boosting to a higher orbit

- Decomposition or fragmenting of the space station while in space

- Transitioning the space station to a commercial operator

- Continuing International Space Station operations beyond 2030

White paper: https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/iss-deorbit-analysis-summary.pdf

• 8 February, 2025. CZ-2C R/B Rocket Body (COSPAR ID: 2023-116C, SATCAT: 57536) orbital debris overpass. Type of orbital debris: derelict launch vehicle stages. Camera pointed and moving across the east. Full spectrum Nikon D7000. Overpass direction from south to north. Altitude (Perigee: 288.6 km, Apogee: 311.63 km). Observation date 25 November, 2024. near Novi Sad, Serbia. Images in order: enhanced, original, infrared, original and infrared image. Last image is orbital track from JSatTrak software. This orbital debris reentered on 24 December, 2024. https://www.debrisorbital.com/reentry/25112024-cz-2c-rb

• 8 February, 2025. Environmental Impact of Orbital Debris Reentry – Marine and Soil Pollution https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387211017_Environmental_Impact_of_Orbital_Debris_Reentry_-_Marine_and_Soil_Pollution

• 21 November, 2024. We share again our previously published paper on "Pre-Determined Debris Avoidance Maneuvers (PDAMs) as Mechanism of Motion of International Space Station through MIRCE Space" https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380131998_Pre-Determined_Debris_Avoidance_Maneuvers_PDAMs_as_Mechanism_of_Motion_of_International_Space_Station_through_MIRCE_Space

• 21 October, 2024. The main objective of this research paper is to present the first results of the Advanced Composite Solar Sail System (ACS3) observations in September 2024 from which can be seen the behavior of 12U CubeSat satellite with deployed solar sail. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384933069_Optical_Observations_of_Advanced_Composite_Solar_Sail_System_ACS3

• 14 October, 2024. Brightness of the Qianfan Satellites https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384502211_Brightness_of_the_Qianfan_Satellites

• 29 July, 2024. Text from NASA’s Space Sustainability Strategy Volume 1: Earth Orbit document: "Access to space and capabilities from space can affect life on Earth. For example, increased space launches cause closures in air traffic corridors. The chemicals used during launch raise concerns about atmospheric impacts. Launch operations can be deleterious to nearby wildlife, terrestrial and aquatic habitats, and communities. The increased use of LEO satellites also raises concerns. For instance, reentering satellites that burn up in the atmosphere could cause harmful material to be deposited or catalyzed in the upper atmosphere. Satellite pieces that do not fully burn up and return to the Earth’s surface could harm people or damage property. While in orbit, spacecraft may reflect sufficient sunlight to degrade the dark sky environment, affecting astronomers, sky photographers, and other cultural users of dark skies."

Source: https://www.nasa.gov/spacesustainability/

• 24 July, 2024. Great report by the UNU-EHS on Space debris topic. The 2023 Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses six interconnected risk tipping points, representing immediate and increasing risks across the world (Accelerating extinctions, Groundwater depletion, Mountain glacier melting, Unbearable heat, Uninsurable future and Space debris). Complete report on Space debris topic can be downloaded from the following page: https://interconnectedrisks.org/2023/tipping-points/space-debris

• 19 July, 2024. ESA Space Environment Report 2024 https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Space_Debris/ESA_Space_Environment_Report_2024

• 7 June, 2024. Ariane 40 R/B Rocket Body (SATCAT: 22830, COSPAR ID: 1993-061H) orbital debris overpass. Type of orbital debris: derelict launch vehicle stages. Observation date 10.05.2024. Images in order: infrared image, original image and image with enhancement. Overpass direction from south to north. https://www.debrisorbital.com/main-page/2024/10-05-2024

• The new Top 50 list (2022) - the 50 statistically most concerning derelict objects in LEO. The original top 50 list (2019) had 49/50 derelict objects above 750 km, but the new list has nine derelict objects below 750 km average altitude. Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369359688_A_Map_of_the_Statistical_Collision_Risk_in_LEO

• We are very proud to announce that as a part of the MIRCE Science Ltd we are Zero Debris Charter supporters confirming that MIRCE Science Ltd is the organisation that signed the charter and the MIRCE Akademy and Space Debris Research Lab are part of it. We will actively support and confirm the commitment to reliable and safe space explorations for which signing Zero Debris Charter was our professional imperative. https://esoc.esa.int/supporting-zero-debris-charter

• Short video of ERS-2 non-operational spacecraft overpass 21.02.2024. tracked with N2YO website. Full-spectrum video recording with camera shaking during fast pointing. Time 17:53 CET west of Novi Sad, Serbia. Overpass from south to north with the camera pointing to the north during recording. Satellite appears in the middle of the video from 10 seconds and again from 30 seconds with short satellite flare. MIRCE Akademy hashtag#spacedebris hashtag#orbitaldebris

Update - Confirmation of the reentry at 18:17 CET between Alaska and Hawaii, ESA: https://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/2024/02/05/ers-2-reentry-live-updates/

Since upload to YouTube little degraded video quality here is the link for download of video file: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iHOkdaLyAn9WoWV0oA9e85jJee7_mZE6/view

YouTube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onV35VgfMZw

Link to other ERS-2 overpass videos: https://www.youtube.com/@rsenvironment6053/videos

• SL-16 R/B Rocket Body (NORAD: 19650 listed in McKnight Top 50) orbital debris overpass. Observation date 13.01.2024. Images in order: original image and images with enhancement. Overpass direction from south to north. https://www.debrisorbital.com/main-page/2024/13-01-2024

• ERS-2 non-operational spacecraft overpass. Full-spectrum video recording through a hazy atmosphere. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt538yecL5g

• Derelict launch vehicle stages (rocket bodies). The orbital debris images of Cusat 2 & Falcon 9 R/B Rocket Body (NORAD ID: 39271) coming from south to north, followed by a SL-16 R/B (NORAD ID: 23405 listed in McKnight Top 50) rocket body overpass. Observation date 23.11.2023. Original, infrared and enhanced images. Full spectrum Nikon D7000. Exposure time 30 seconds. https://www.debrisorbital.com/main-page/2023/23-11-2023

• International Space Station overpass 23.11.2023. 4:40 PM near Novi Sad, Serbia.

• Given the recent announcement of NASA-ESA Handheld Universal Lunar Camera (HULC) and after the examination of all available images of the camera, we made this short research paper "Accumulation of Lunar Dust as a Mechanism of a Motion of Moon Handheld Cameras Through MIRCE Space". Some of resulting recommendations for the future lunar handheld cameras are as following: use of Canon, Nikon and Sony mirrorless cameras only for image capture (no switching between image/video modes), autonomous camera modes depending on lunar changing environment (minimizing requirements for manual camera settings by astronaut), remote control options and stick use for button push instead of astronaut gloves, implementation of 4K cameras only for video recordings and later video to images export, ergonomic designed protective case made from 3D printed Windform material and other recommendations. We hope that this short paper will be helpful and that will inspire the decision makers to take into account some of these recommendations which are made in the best manner.